S01
→ Blue Dot/White Tangerine
From the Microscope to the Telescope






                HIGHLIGHTS
© Nicolette Pirjanian/New York Stem Cell Foundation


REVIEW


Neurodegeneration
& Neuroinflammation

in Deep Space

Neurons and Glial Cells under RIDGE


© NeurAstra/EAC


EXPERIMENT


H.A.P.M.O.S.
Stories of Human Adaptation

Psychological and Physiological Alterations in ICE Environments




→ Research & Development




Lunar Exploration Protection Guidelines 2023 — 2024(A) (B)
Researchers and space agencies are currently collaborating worldwide to minimise the environmental impact of lunar missions by adhering to strict planetary protection guidelines. At its scale, the GEGSLA Lunar Technical Coordination Working Group aims to ensure the responsible and sustainable exploration of the Moon while preserving its environment. These measures include decontaminating spacecraft to prevent biological contamination and establishing safety protocols for lunar bases to avoid harmful interference with the lunar surface and its potential resources. By combining cutting-edge technology with ethical stewardship, the project highlights humanity’s commitment to preserving the lunar environment for future generations and ultimately fostering a sustainable lunar presence.

project conducted in collaboration with the Moon Village Association.



Non-neoplastic Effects of Ionising Radiation on the Central Nervous System2023 — 2024(SM)
The European Space Agency launched in 2023 a citizen science project within the STARS (Systematic Threat Analysis of Radiation from Space) entity, involving researchers around the globe to work on a systematic review. The aim is to understand better how the unique space environment may affect the central nervous system in humans, shed light on potential neurological implications and inform strategies for mitigating risks associated with prolonged space travel.

project hosted by the European Space Agency (ESA) Citizen Science/Space Medicine Team.



Fill In the Gap in Human Research in Space (FIGURES)2022 — 2024(B) (HF) (SM)
The Space Generation Advisory Council FIGURES long-term project aims to close the gender data gap in human spaceflight and exploration. The initiative seeks to connect analogue mission crews and space medicine institutes by suggesting experiments to be carried out following optimised and inclusive protocols.

project conducted in collaboration with the Space Generation Advisory Council.

FIGURES is collaborating with CHASM for the next Analog Space Missions Conference. 
Check out our Events section for more information.




ROADMAP: Space Exploration Diversity 2022(B) (HF) (SM)
The ROADMAP project conducted by the Space Exploration Committee aims to implement diversity into the space exploration roadmap through equal repartition of research (i.e., lab/clinical), test subjects (i.e., animal/human samples) and promote gender-specific research in human space exploration (i.e., the impact of radiation and microgravity).

project conducted in collaboration with the Space Generation Advisory Council.



B.E.A.C.O.N. COST Action Proposal2021(SM)
Since 2021, the AsMA/AMSRO Spain Chapter has proposed a European COST Action called Bridging Education and Action for Comprehensive One Health Nurturing (B.E.A.C.O.N.). The initiative is structured around five key groups to harness the power of open health technologies, with a particular focus on the ethical and transparent use of generative artificial intelligence and expert systems. As a result, a research project (“Open Medical Technologies and Sustainable Development — From Basic Needs to Space Exploration”) arose to connect remote medicine technologies to the space environment, and vice versa.

project conducted in collaboration with the Aerospace Medical Association (AsMA) / Aerospace Medicine Student and Resident Organization (AMSRO) and the COST European Cooperation in Science & Technology with Dr Garcia Torrents.

Discover the initiative






→ Experiments




Joint Resilience in Orbit: The Synovial Capsule Beyond Earth2024(SM)
The experiment "Joint Resilience in Orbit: The Synovial Capsule Beyond Earth" is designed to be sent aboard the International Space Station (ISS). This investigation aims to explore the effects of microgravity on the synovial joints, which are critical for movement and flexibility in the human body. The synovial capsule, a key component of these joints, will be the primary focus of the study.

In the unique environment of the ISS, the experiment will assess changes in the synovial fluid, cartilage, and overall joint integrity. The absence of gravity is hypothesized to have significant impacts on these elements, potentially leading to insights into how prolonged space travel could affect astronauts/cosmonauts' joint health. By comparing data collected in orbit to baseline measurements taken on Earth, we aim to identify specific alterations in joint physiology. The findings could also have broader applications, potentially informing medical treatments and preventive measures for joint-related conditions on Earth.


project designed and presented at the ISU/Metavisionaries 2024 Workshop with ICE Cubes and The Exploration Company.



Starry Eyes: Visual Cortex Excitability in Altered Gravity Conditions2023(SM)
“Starry Eyes: Visual Cortex Excitability in Altered Gravity Conditions” is a project that explores the effects of altered gravity on the human visual cortex. By utilising transcranial magnetic stimulation measurements during parabolic flight (Airbus A-300 ‘Zero-g’), this research aims to understand how the brain’s visual processing centre responds to the brief and alternated periods of microgravity and hypergravity. This innovative project seeks to enhance our knowledge of neural plasticity in extreme environments, offering insights into the brain’s remarkable adaptability when confronted with the challenges of space travel.

project designed and presented at the European Space Agency (ESA) and European Low Gravity Research Association (ELGRA) 2023 Workshop with Sara Terracciano, Niamh Terranova, Marcin Badowski, and Achilleas Peolidis / Dr Elisa Ferre.



H.A.P.M.O.S. — Stories of Human Adaptation 2022 — in progress(A) (B) (HF) (SM)
In an era where space exploration is advancing at an unprecedented pace, space analogue missions play a pivotal role in preparing space travellers for the rigours of outer space. Analogue missions simulate space conditions on Earth in Isolated, Confined, and Extreme (ICE) environments, allowing astronauts/cosmonauts to train, test equipment, and conduct scientific experiments in situations as similar as possible to those encountered in space.

The H.A.P.M.O.S. initiative aims to understand the psychological and physiological factors influencing health and well-being through longitudinal qualitative studies (e.g., diary studies and interviews) and precise physiological measurements (e.g., stress levels and sleep patterns).

A second step of the project will lead to the creation of an open database of standards and protocols used in space analogue missions to improve training processes and offer standardised protocols to conduct medical experiments.


We are looking for individuals with experience in space analogue centres willing to share their stories; you can help us via our open call.

Explore the project







→ Reviews




Neurodegeneration in Deep Space: Neurons and Glial Cells Alterations2022 — 2023(SM)
This systematic review aimed at unravelling the intricate processes of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration affecting both neurons and glial cells after exposure to the unique challenges of space, such as cosmic radiation and microgravity. Understanding the mechanisms behind neurodegeneration in the space environment is critical not only for the well-being of space travellers but also for advancing our knowledge of neurobiology and the development of protective strategies for neurodegenerative diseases on Earth, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s.

project conducted in collaboration with M. Issertine & Dr G. de la Torre for the Deep Space Initiative Andromeda program.
the results of this review will be presented at the ELGRA 2024 Symposium (poster exhibition).

Explore the project




Astronaut’s Health and Performance: A Review2022(SM)
For the 1st edition of the Milky Way Program, a literature review was conducted to summarise the main risk factors encountered during space travel at the human body scale. Key areas of investigation included the impact of microgravity on musculoskeletal and cardiovascular systems, alterations in bone density, muscle atrophy, and the potential effects on the immune system. Additionally, the review explored the challenges associated with the central nervous system and vestibular system.

project conducted in collaboration with the Deep Space Initiative Milky Way program.
the results of this review were presented at the 73rd International Astronautical Congress (IAC 2022).

Read the review



Central Nervous System Functional and Structural Changes in Space2022(SM)
“Central Nervous System Functional and Structural Changes Associated with Long-duration Spaceflight” is a systematic review focusing on the effects of prolonged space missions on the central nervous system. It aims to uncover valuable insights into the potential neurological challenges faced by space travellers.

project conducted at King’s College London.






→ Case Studies




Space Migraines and Headaches2023(SM)
Several potential catalysts for migraines and other occasional headaches exist, encompassing nitric oxide, alcohol consumption, hormonal variations, post-stress relaxation, physical activity, exhaustion, abrupt changes in barometric pressure, and acute alterations in sleep or dietary habits. While space travel is not recognised as a trigger of migraines per se, there are anecdotal accounts of severe headaches occurring during space journeys. Typically, these headaches are attributed to the Space Motion Sickness (SMS) syndrome and can disturb the everyday activities of astronauts/cosmonauts, particularly during or after Extravehicular Activities (EVAs). This case study summarises how to prevent and minimise migraines in the space environment.

project conducted in collaboration with the International Centre for Astronautical Development Neurology Team with Dr Vergos.



Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Brain in Space2022(SM)
From understanding neuroplasticity to tracking the effects of microgravity and cosmic radiation, this case study proposes a comprehensive review of the use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to explore the structural and functional aspects of the space traveller’s brain and highlight how the space environment can impact cerebrospinal fluid and neural health.

project conducted at King’s College London.



Vagus Nerve and Vagal Baroreflex Function2021(SM)
The vagus nerve, also known as the tenth cranial nerve or CN X, is the longest cranial nerve in the body and a major component of the parasympathetic nervous system. It plays a crucial role in regulating heart rate, gastrointestinal motility, and respiratory function, among other autonomic functions. One key aspect discussed here is the vagal baroreflex, which is responsible for modulating heart rate and blood pressure in response to changes in blood volume and pressure. In the microgravity environment of space, alterations in fluid distribution and cardiovascular dynamics can challenge the effectiveness of the vagal baroreflex, potentially resulting in orthostatic intolerance and other cardiovascular issues. This case study explores various methodologies employed to assess autonomic nervous system activity in space, including heart rate variability analysis, baroreflex sensitivity measurements, and other physiological monitoring techniques.

project conducted at King’s College London.



Designing for Humans and their Environments2020(HF)
From medical devices used in Antarctica to mission control desks in spaceships, people in extreme environments are not ordinary users. In addition to facing technical and environmental challenges, the psychological burden inherent to risk factors such as isolation, confinement and deprivation requires specific design solutions and the growth of new usability habits. “Stress, Fatigue, and Interfaces: Designing for Humans and their Environments” explore the intricate relationship between humans and their environments and how the concepts of functionality and usability provide valuable insights for creating user-friendly and stress-reducing systems that enhance human health and productivity in extreme environments.

project conducted at the CMR Laboratory.






→ Events




Cosmic Connection II11.10.2024GATHERING
NeurAstra will hold its second in-person gathering, “Cosmic Connections — Bridging the Gap between Space Radiation & Space Exploration”, in October 2024. It is the occasion for space health researchers and enthusiasts to gather for one day to follow a cycle of discussions about space radiation and humans in space.

Menthon-Saint-Bernard, France

About the event



FIGURES x CHASM14.09.2024CONFERENCE
The Space Generation Advisory Council FIGURES team (Fill In the Gap in Human Research in Space) and CHASM will collaborate for the Analog Space Missions Conference held in September 2024 with EPFL. The aim is to provide increased knowledge about analogue astronauts and, specifically, the preparation of parastronauts for analogue missions.

project conducted in collaboration with the Space Generation Advisory Council.
Écublens, Switzerland  



Cosmic Connection I19.01.2024GATHERING
“Cosmic Connections — Life Without Gravity” is our first social gathering to be held in person in Alp, Spain. The event is thought to explore the fascinating world of organisms’ evolution under gravity and the implications of microgravity and altered gravity fields for the future of space exploration.

Alp, Spain

About the event




FIGURES x Aerospace Europe Conference14.07.2023WORKSHOP
The Aerospace Europe Conference 2023 is a joint event between the 10th European Conference for Aerospace Sciences (EUCASS) and the 9th conference of the Council of European Aerospace Societies (CEAS). The objectives of 2023 were to strengthen the link between space and aeronautics, facilitate cross-fertilisation, and lay the foundations for a major unified international congress of aerospace sciences in Europe. With rich scientific content for the future of space and aeronautics, the conference presented cutting-edge ideas for the world of tomorrow.  

The Space Generation Advisory Council FIGURES team (Fill In the Gap in Human Research in Space) proposed a workshop where participants could explore the significance of gender-disaggregated data and its impact on decision-making, policy formulation, and resource allocation. It delved into the challenges faced in collecting gender-sensitive data, identifying existing gaps, and discussing strategies to bridge them effectively with a keen focus on empathy mapping.


project conducted in collaboration with the Space Generation Advisory Council.
Lausanne, Switzerland

Read the white paper  


© SGAC — FIGURES Workshop